What is Twist Per Inch or TPI or Turns Per Inch?

Twists per inch are the number of times the strand has been twisted in a one inch length. This is the method of designating twist in a roving.

Twists per inch are often called “turns per inch”. It is difficult to measure twist per inch in a roving, because it is generally quite low and the untwisted strand is weak.

The amount of twist to use varies with the staple of the cotton and the size of the roving into which it is being made.

Longer cotton requires less twist because individual fibres extend further in the strand and so help to bind themselves together more securely than do short fibres.

Finer roving needs more twist than coarse roving. As the strand becomes finer, the strength due to bulk alone decreases.

Also, as the fibres are drawn to be more nearly straight and parallel, there is less strength due to entangling with one another.  

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